Desde los comienzos de la existencia de este Circulo
Marchevsky, hubo integrantes que manifestaron su interes por determinar con
cierta precision el lugar geografico de
origen de la familia (shtetl), asi como tambien el origen y el significado del
apellido familiar.
En cuanto al origen geografico habia información por
tradición, mas o menos confirmada por documentos registrales de Mendoza con
declaraciones de origen de los abuelos, y final y felizmente confirmada por una
foto proveniente de Ucrania, con sello y dirección del fotografo, aportada por
Graciela de Naum de Mayorga.
La cuestion del apellido familiar siempre se planteo
como mas complicada.
La inquietud compartida inspiro muy temprano una
payada virtual y alguna colaboración personal que transcribimos a continuación.
“De acuerdo con lo que sus
antecedentes historico-literarios podria haber
hecho suponer, Liliana fue el unico miembro que recordo y puso por escrito
el aniversario mensual de la primera edicion del Circulo.
Pero ademas, no se si por timidez, por temor a equivocarse en la cuenta dado
que no es especialista, o por un finisimo sentido de autocritica, me lo
mando nada mas que a mi.
Yo me senti inmediatamente obligado a velar para que esa muestra de buena
cepa literaria no se perdiera y se la mande a tres o cuatro autores que
estan preparando Antologias de Poesia Argentina para editar en Espania con
encarecido ruego de publicacion.
Por otro lado, creo que el Circulo merece conocer y compartir la alegria de
la autora por el cumplemes, asi que la doy a conocer al resto de los
contertulios
Pero ademas, la pregunta de Liliana no puede quedar sin respuesta, y al pie
de la produccion de nuestra poetisa intento mi propuesta de contestacion que
es absolutamente amateur por lo que pido disculpas de antemano
----- Original Message -----
From: "Liliana Weinberg"
To: "Bautis"
Sent: Thursday, May 31, 2001 11:18 PM
Subject: Al cumplirse ocho meses del CIRCULO
>
> Al cumplirse ocho meses
> de nuestra magna creación,
> les formulo una pregunta
> que llamará su atención.
>
> "Marchevsky" es el apellido
> que nos alberga cual techo,
> ¿cuál es de él su sentido,
> su significado, de hecho?
>
> Si "Wein" significa vino
> y "berg" significa monte,
> llevo yo el vino en la sangre
> y viña en el horizonte...
>
> ¡FELICES 8 MESES MARCHEVSKIANOS!
>
> Liliana
------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Esta curiosa expresion
al punto me ha sorprendido
que he estado muy afligido
buscando contestacion
Espero que la audicion
me conceda su permiso
para intentar la respuesta
a la planteada cuestion
Fe doy de que en viejos tiempos
cuando el latin se parlaba
marg siempre nos indicaba
fin de papel o nacion
De ahi vienen margen y marca
y margrave y marquesado.
Por que en pueblos mas barbáros
no habra devenido en "Marche"?
Por otro lado el "vsky"
que no es deporte de nieve
es forma de designar
de donde la gente viene
Marchevsky entonces seria
el techo que cobijara
a la gente que proviene
de alla de la margravia
Gente de lejos seria
de cualquier lado del borde
ya de la propia nacion
tambien de la fuereria
O sea que la Lili quiso
con esta oscura poesia
aclarar la equivalencia
de Marchevsky y fuereria
Roberto, el Marchevsky fuereño”
“En la boutique de la vida,abierta dia y noche,
hay un cofre muy antiguo,hecho
en roble y sin cerrojos,
tiene lazos y tapices, para
libre eleccion.
Hay lazos de seda y lazos de algodon.
hay lazos de bandera y los hay de profesion.
Lazos de combate, lazos de amistad,
lazos que se rompen, algunos duran mas..
Entre todos Uno, fuerte y
magno
que MARCHa hacia la eternidad.
Tiene fuerza, brio y cante,
siempre puja, corre y fluye
como las aguas del Jordan.
Concretamente hablando,
Nuestro Lazo Familiar.
Un lazo que da techo, cobija y asegura.
un lazo imperdurable, que va hasta
el mas alla..
Recorre las fronteras, salva
las distancias,
afronta las tormentas,
consolida , perdura.
Transmite tradiciones, culturas
y emociones.
Comparte las tristezas, aporta alegrias.
Los lazos de Don Naum, Don Pedro y Don Mayorga,
Con todos los que vienen y mas aun vendran.
Los tios y los primos, cuniados y sobrinos,
Los nietos y bisnietos, y muchos mas…y mas…!
Liliana y Robertito, me sumo a vuestras rimas.
Y me pongo yo a cantar.
La Vida nos sonrie, palpita el corazon.
Feliz y muy contenta,
con cada Marchevsky que se
acerca al fogon
Esto no es una familia, esto es un Familion!!!
Brindemos por el Circulo ,por el Lazo Familiar!
Brindemos por la Vida, la Salud y
la Armonia.
Y brindemos por la PAZ1
Lehaim! Salud!lUn abrazo Circular, siempre vuestra!
Bebe”
“Aprovecho la ocasion para referirme a algo que,
desde que recibi los magnificos versos de los poetas de la familia en relacion
al origen del apellido ilustre que nos une, queria comentar.
Uds. pueden suponer lo que ocurria cuando
caian los pobres inmigrantes a la "Arguentina". Reconstruyendo un
poco el panorama, yo me he hecho una composicion de lugar a mi solo riesgo.
Supongo que algunos traian papeles y otros, quiza, los datos los daban
oralmente.
Los que venian de Rusia, si tenian papeles,
estarian escritos en caracteres cirilicos... Te imaginas al pobre
burocrata en Inmigracion mirando esos garabatos indescifrables!!!
A lo largo de los años, aprendi la pronunciacion
de algunas consonantes del polaco. Con ese bagaje cultural pude teorizar lo que
pasa con algunos apellidos paisanos. Por ejemplo, hubo un campeon mundial
juvenil de ajedrez que se llamaba Bielicki (tambien un diputado con el mismo
apellido), hay algun Kalnicki, un medico que me ha atendido alguna que otra
vez, Leczycki, etc. Mi teoria es que los padres fundadores de ellos vinieron de
Polonia con papeles, escritos en caracteres latinos y aqui los transcribieron.
Pero si uno los pronuncia a la polaca, serian respectivamente, Bielitzky,
Kalnitzky y Lechitzky, como seguramente algunos familiares u homonimos que
vinieron de Rusia (con el alfabeto cirilico) fueron anotados, segun como le
dictaban su nombre los interesados al pobre burocrata mencionado ut-supra.
Como prueba de esto, en el area de Caballito o
Flores, he visto carteles de una inmobiliaria "Marczewski" que en polaco,
no es mas ni menos, que Marchevsky (como los autenticos...).
Ahora, bien, expuesta la primera parte de la
tesis en forma inobjetable, paso a la segunda parte.
Como soy colega del Presidente (Lombardo dixit)
no me acuerdo cuando ni donde fue, pero se que en una conversacion con un
polaco, me dijo que los apellidos terminados en "vsky", en realidad
son polacos, "wski", Los verdaderos "rusos" mas comunes son
los "off".
Entonces arriesgó que Marczewski podria provenir
de una palabra que significaba zanahoria.
No quiero pensar en la connotacion que tenia en mis tiempos esa palabra en
relacion con el cociente intelectual. (Creo que los jovenes no la usan mas..).
Seria por pelirrojos?! Chi lo sa!!
Someto la cuestion a todos los contertulios
de CIEMPILF, para que, en caso de que alguien pueda aportar al tema, lo haga.
No teman ofenderme porque en este tema estoy hablando puramente como
aficionado.
El Bautis, como de costumbre, se encargará de la
difusion.
Saludos a tutti quanti
Naum (de David de Naum)”
Después de esto, la cuestion parecio dormirse durante un tiempo, aunque podriamos asegurar que quedo latente alimentando los insomnios de algunos de los mas neigerik y iahne de nuestros asociados.
La primer sorpresa fue aprender que antes del siglo XVIII,
prácticamente nadie usaba un nombre de familia hereditario (apellido) y que
recien a mediados de ese siglo esto fue requerido por razones esencialmente
administrativas por el emperador austrohúngaro Jose II, con relativo éxito en
el caso de los judios residentes. En el Imperio Ruso, la primer orden similar
es de Alejandro I en 1804, pero fue masivamente desconocida, sobre todo por los
judios, hasta alrededor de 1850, cuando se exigio que todos los judias
inscribieran su nombre en un registro unico. Recien entonces, los judios
empezaron a inventar sus nombres de familia hasta ese momento inexistentes,
haciendo generalmente referencia al nombre do los poblados de origen o de
residencia, a sus oficios, a características personales, a paisajes, accidentes
geograficos, animales, plantas y frutos, etc.
Muy pronto hubo que aceptar que el sufijo sky no admite dudas e indica una relacion toponímica con ciudad o comarca de pertenencia u origen con nombre igual o similar a la raiz del apellido elegido.
La aparicion de esta pagina hizo resucitar las inquietudes de los amigos participantes por conocer los antecedentes del apellido.
Aceptado el significado toponímico del sufijo sky, empezamos buscando poblados de nombre Marchev o Marchew o Marcha o similares y, para que negarlo, nos llevamos alguna sorpresa. Primero buscamos significados, y encontramos:
marchew (polaco) = morchov =
morkov (ruso) = zanahoria
Mark (German) The German unit of currency (pre-Euro)
Originally meant "Borderland," from the
ancient German towns on
the frontier
-- hence the English word "Mark," as in, "to mark a
boundary."
Hence, the German place names, Finmark, Dänemark, Ostmark,
etc.
From the German Mark, we also get the French
"marche" and
Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Catalan,
"marca."
Mark (German) = Mark (English) = Marke (Polish)
Estos hallazgos eran utiles para contentar a Naum de
David de Naum y a Roberto de Perlita de Florita de Pedro, el Marchevsky
fuereño, pero no parecian resolver la cuestion.
Por el lado de Marchew o de Morkov lo de provenientes
del pueblo de la Zanahoria sonaba a traducción literal pero muy poco plausible.
Lo mismo pasaba con mark y marke. Si el marke que
significa borderland fuera ruso, podria haber sido una posibilidad, porque a
veces en ruso la k y la ch se reemplazan una a otra con pronunciación absorbida
de j (por ejemplo ver morchov = morkov), pero en polaco la k y la ch no son
intercambiables.
En este punto ya no habia mas vias alternativas, el
profeta debia ir a la montania, y entonces decidimos acudir al “Dictionary
of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire” de Alexander Beider, que en Bs.
A., por lo que nosotros sabemos, solo esta en la Asociación de Genealogía Judia
de Argentina.
Por suerte para nosotros, cuando ya estabamos decididos a tomar contacto, comentándolo con alguien nos enteramos que Lidia Berlin ya habia pasado por ese trayecto, asi que nosotros nos lo ahorramos y Lidia nos facilito la información.
Para Beider el apellido Marchevsky figura entre los
votantes para la Duma en Rusia en los anios 1906, 1907 o 1912 y la cita
correspondiente dice:
Marchevsky: Encontrado en Kiev, Ovruch, Rehitsa.
(Zaslalv d.).
Esto no nos gusto nada, porque Marachovska no
figuraba en ninguno de nuestros antecedentes y, ademas, entraba en colision con
nuestros ya queridos Malyn y Radomyshl.
De cualquier manera, con nuestro ultimo resto
consultamos la base de datos del Shtetl Seeker de la JewishGen, buscando el
poblado de Marachovska. Y encontramos como mas probable el siguiente sitio en
Ucrania:
MARKOVSKIYE |
V |
Ukraine |
66.6
miles NW of Kiev |
La distancia y la direccion desde Kiev nos parecieron interesantes, y las cifras en azul son la Latitud y Longitud del lugar para ubicarla en los mapas de la JewishGen, donde encontramos esto:
La estrella roja, sin ningun significado político, la
pone la computadora en las coordenadas indicadas en la base de datos.
Es decir, el poblado de Markovskiye (o Marchovskiye)
(Марковскиєе), existe, es pequeño como para figurar en el mapa,
tampoco tiene ninguna mencion individual en Internet (solo figura en un listado
general de poblados de Ucrania), y esta muy cerca de Malyn (aprox. 30 km).
Esto nos permite sospechar realmente que Marchevsky (Марчевски) significa nativo o proveniente del poblado
Ucraniano de Markovskiye (Марковскиєе), que ese fue el apellido que nuestros antecesores
adoptaron en algun momento durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX siguiendo las
ordenes del Imperio, porque la familia provenia de ese poblado, aunque hacia
mediados del siglo residieran en las ciudades mas importantes de Malyn y
Radomyshl.
Adjuntamos
parte de la información utilizada y citada.
Origin of Jewish
Surnames in Poland
Most Poles
had surnames by the 1700's, often 100-200 years earlier. On the other hand most
Jews living in the Commonwealth of Poland (which included modern-day Lithuania,
western Ukraine, and Belarus) did not have surnames until required to by
authorities in the 1800's. This means that Jewish surnames were given during a
period for which many historical records still survived, so they can be traced
back in history easier and their meaning may be explained also better than the
names of the Poles that were established before the earliest surviving records.
In the old
times Jewish in Poland were named after their fathers (so called
"otczestwo" that means "father's name" was also very
important in Russia). For instance Abram, son of Berk was called
"Berkowicz" or "Berkson", son of "Ezof" was
called "Ezofowicz" and son of "Mortka-Mordechaj" was called
"Mortkowicz". These fathers' names sometimes automatically were
converted into the last names. Thus David, son of Abram was already called
David Berkowicz etc.
Besides,
Jews were also given German names (Fischel, Hirsch, Toeplitz), Polish names
(Paluch, Maka-Maczak) or Hebrew names (Lewim, Tuwim).
Typical
Jewish names from the time of Polish partition Goldberg, Silberstein or
Feldman. Jewish who converted to Christianity were given surnames Nawrocki
(from Polish "nawróciæ" = "convert"), Dobrowolski (from
Polish "Dobra wola" = "good will", meaning "converted
from good (free) will), Lutos³awski (from Polish "luty" =
"February", meaning "converted in February), Kwietniewski (from
Polish "kwiecieñ" = "April", meaning "converted in
April), Majewski (from Polish "maj" = "May", meaning
"converted in May), Grudziñski (from Polish "grudzieñ" = "December",
meaning "converted in December) or Zieliñski (from Polish feast of
"Panna Maria Zielna" - "Herbal Madonna", meaning
"Converted in the Feast of Herbal Madonna or Pentecost").
Some Jewish
names were also polonized. For instance the last name "Kamiñski"
comes from the German ending "-stein" (Polish "kamieñ" = German
"Stein" = Eng. "stone") or "Górski" comes from
the German ending "-berg" " (Polish "góra " = German
"Berg" = Eng. "mount").
Many of the
mentioned above surnames were very popular in Poland and the origin of some may
not be Jewish. For instance not all people with surname " Zieliñski"
were of Jewish descend, some had their name derived from Polish feast of
"Panna Maria Zielna".
written by
Jagoda Urban-Klaehn, January 2001 (article #24)
These reflect the different
countries inhabited by the Jewish people. Despite being taken from the language
of the country of residence, some are considered typically Jewish. These
include names with the element 'Gold' in particular. Traditionally, Jewish
people did not inherited surnames but used patronymics or matronymics preceded
by 'ben' son of or 'bat' daughter of, for identification. As hereditary
surnames became established in Europe during the middle ages, Jewish people
began to use second names which were sometimes combinations of a personal name
and a patronymic or words reflecting events in a family's life.
In 1787, Joseph II of Austria passed
a law which required all Jews to adopt a hereditary surname and similar rules
were made throughou Europe with Russia one of the last countries to make one in
1845. Some officials in Austria and Germany would only register names with
favourable meanings if they were paid and as many could not afford this, they
were assigned surnames with derogatory meanings. In Nazi Germany, many Jews did
not have Jewish names so they were forced to take Israel for men, Sarah for
women, to identify themselves as Jewish.
"The Jews are like everyone
else - only more so"..(Anon).
Eastern Europe...
As a result of Russia's westward
expansion between 1772 and 1815, more than 1.2 million Polish, Lithuanian and
other Jews were incorporated under Russian rule. Ironically, these included
several thousand Jews who had been expelled from Russia in 1727 and 1747 and
who had fled to Poland for safety. In 1772, following the first partition of
Poland, the western frontier of Russia extended from Riga through White Russia
and the Ukraine to Bessarabia and the Black Sea. In 1793, following the second
partition of Poland, the frontier moved further west. In 1795, following the
third partition of Poland, the frontier again moved further west incorporating
Lithuania. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1885, the Russian empire was
extended to include Augustow, Warsaw and Lodz.
Joke... A Jew living in Augustow was
visited by a government official. "The border between Poland and Russia
has been moved east; you are now living in Poland" he told the Jew. Two
years later the Jew was visited by another government official who told him
"The border between Poland and Russia has been moved west; you are now
living in Russia". Three years later the Jew was visited by another
government official who told him "The border between Poland and Russia has
been moved east again; you are now living in Poland". "Thank
G-d" said the Jew, "I couldn't stand another Russian winter.".
By the end of the 19th century,
Russian Jews were compelled by law to live in the Pale of Settlement, an area
including the former Poland. By 1897, over 5 million Jews were living in the
Pale, with 500,000 Jews forced from their homes into shtetls (small towns).
After the assassination of Czar Alexander II in 1881, officially instigated
pogroms (Russian for "violent mass attack") intensified against the
Jews. During this period, over 2 million Jews fled to USA and 200,000 to Britain.
Yiddish...
Around the 10th century, Jews from
what is now northern France, who spoke Old French and of course Hebrew,
migrated to towns along the Rhine, where they began to use the local German
dialect. Hebrew remained untouched for prayer and religious purposes. In the
Rhineland, Jews wrote German phonetically, using the letters of the Hebrew
alphabet. Yiddish developed as a mixture of Middle High German, Old German,
remnants of Old French and Old Italian, Hebrew names and phrases, and local
dialects. But Yiddish did not become of age until the Jews migrated to eastern
Europe where it became the Jewish lingua franca through the Jewish mother, who,
not being male, was denied a Hebrew education. When the Jews migrated from
eastern Europe, they entered Britain and elsewhere often speaking nothing but
Yiddish.
Joke... On a bus in Tel Aviv, a
grandmother was talking in Yiddish to her grandson who kept answering her in
Hebrew. "Speak Yiddish!" admonished the grandmother. An impatient
Israeli, overhearing this, exclaimed "Lady, why do you insist the boy
talks Yiddish instead of Hebrew?". Replied the grandmother, "I don't
want him to forget he's a Jew.".
Hebrew Names...
The Hebrew name of a Jew includes
{..ben..} meaning "..son of.." or {..bat..} meaning "..daughter
of.." followed by the Hebrew name of his or her father. The name of a
Jewish male might also be appended by the name of the tribe of Israel from
which he is descended
Jewish Forenames...
Amongst the Ashkenazim Jews of
Europe, a child would not normally be named after a living ancestor, although
this practice was not strictly adhered to amongst Sephardim Jews of the
Mediterranean. A son would often be named after a deceased grandparent or other
relative. Whilst retaining their Hebrew name for religious purposes, Jews often
used a secular version - Yacov would become Jacob - and a German custom was to
use the father's forename as a son's second forename.
Jewish Surnames...
Many Jewish families in eastern
Europe did not have surnames. Occasionally, residents of a Jewish quarter
became known by the name of the house in which they lived, and if they moved
house would be known by another name. During the years of occupation of Warsaw
by the Prussians, German surnames were imposed upon Polish Jews. Some Jews took
the name of the town in which they lived. Jewish immigrants often acquired new
names upon arriving in a new country; a name may be misheard or misspelled by
an immigration officer, or a name would be deliberately anglicised. Brothers
did not always change their name to the same surname, and one could find a
father with sons of different surnames.
Searching for Town MARCHEV |
||||
Town |
Coordinates |
Name |
Country |
Distance/Direction |
MARKOVA |
N |
Belarus |
139.5
miles NNE of Minsk |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Belarus |
147.7
miles NE of Minsk |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Belarus |
97.0
miles N of Minsk |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Belarus |
49.3
miles NW of Minsk |
|
MARKOWO |
V |
Belarus |
97.0
miles N of Minsk |
|
MARKOWO |
V |
Belarus |
49.3
miles NW of Minsk |
|
MAROCHKOV |
N |
Belarus |
200.6
miles SE of Minsk |
|
MORACHKOVO |
N |
Belarus |
139.2
miles NNE of Minsk |
|
MOROZOVA |
N |
Belarus |
122.9
miles ENE of Minsk |
|
MARKOW |
V |
Lithuania |
84.4
miles WSW of Vilnius |
|
MARCEWO |
N |
Poland |
129.7
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MARKOW |
V |
Poland |
28.8
miles SW of Warsaw |
|
MARKOWA |
N |
Poland |
164.4
miles SSE of Warsaw |
|
MARKOWO |
N |
Poland |
131.0
miles NNW of Warsaw |
|
MARKOWO |
N |
Poland |
83.3
miles ENE of Warsaw |
|
MARKOWO |
N |
Poland |
89.1
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MARSOW |
V |
Poland |
236.0
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MARSZEWO |
N |
Poland |
236.0
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MARSZEWO |
N |
Poland |
176.2
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MARSZEWO |
N |
Poland |
269.7
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MARSZEWO |
D |
Poland |
123.1
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MARSZOW |
D |
Poland |
250.4
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MARSZOW |
D |
Poland |
186.9
miles SW of Warsaw |
|
MARUSZOW |
N |
Poland |
85.2
miles SSE of Warsaw |
|
MARUSZOW |
N |
Poland |
100.4
miles SSE of Warsaw |
|
MAURYCEW |
N |
Poland |
28.7
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MAURYCOW |
N |
Poland |
87.2
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MERKOWA |
N |
Poland |
184.5
miles SSW of Warsaw |
|
MIERKOW |
D |
Poland |
260.9
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MIEROSZOW |
N |
Poland |
234.2
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MIERZAWA |
N |
Poland |
119.7
miles SSW of Warsaw |
|
MIERZEWO |
N |
Poland |
141.0
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MIRACHOWO |
N |
Poland |
192.3
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MIRAKOWO |
N |
Poland |
115.7
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MIRKOW |
N |
Poland |
138.3
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MIRKOW |
N |
Poland |
129.0
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MIROSZOW |
N |
Poland |
134.8
miles SSW of Warsaw |
|
MORACZEWO |
N |
Poland |
185.7
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MORAKOW |
N |
Poland |
69.9
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MORAKOWO |
N |
Poland |
159.9
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MORGOWO |
N |
Poland |
100.9
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MORKOWO |
N |
Poland |
191.8
miles W of Warsaw |
|
MOROCHOW |
N |
Poland |
199.2
miles SSE of Warsaw |
|
MORZEWO |
N |
Poland |
130.2
miles NNW of Warsaw |
|
MORZEWO |
N |
Poland |
181.0
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MRAGOWO |
N |
Poland |
112.3
miles N of Warsaw |
|
MROKOW |
N |
Poland |
16.0
miles SSW of Warsaw |
|
MROKOW |
N |
Poland |
48.5
miles SE of Warsaw |
|
MROZOW |
D |
Poland |
194.8
miles WSW of Warsaw |
|
MRUKOWA |
N |
Poland |
184.1
miles S of Warsaw |
|
NARKOWY |
N |
Poland |
153.6
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
NARUSZEWO |
N |
Poland |
33.1
miles NW of Warsaw |
|
MARESEVO |
N |
Russia |
313.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARESEVO |
N |
Russia |
297.4
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MARESEVO |
N |
Russia |
404.6
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MARKOV |
V |
Russia |
141.7
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOV |
N |
Russia |
2928.5
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOV |
N |
Russia |
275.5
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOV |
N |
Russia |
935.9
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARKOV |
N |
Russia |
625.1
miles S of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
203.3
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
2569.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
1769.8
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
213.4
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
2530.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
1554.8 miles
ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
182.0
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
V |
Russia |
797.2
miles S of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
404.9
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
1876.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
1872.0
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
1826.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
888.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
274.2
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
1012.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
971.7
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Russia |
210.3
miles W of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
V |
Russia |
513.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
V |
Russia |
392.2
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
3097.5
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
3750.0
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
604.6
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
1769.8
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
359.2 miles
N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
325.8
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
315.8
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
361.4
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
309.2
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
247.0
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
276.2
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
401.4
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
213.4
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
296.7
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
228.5
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
212.6
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
261.5
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
754.6
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
211.5
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
215.3
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
515.2
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
761.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
2530.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
170.4
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
127.4
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
159.8
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
260.3
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
141.7
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
157.7
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
402.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
305.0
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
1116.9
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
268.4
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
73.1
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
278.9
miles W of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
88.5
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
66.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
45.7
miles W of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
1554.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
32.7
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
188.7
miles W of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
1091.4
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
136.7
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
182.0
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
70.6
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
104.2
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
267.7
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
946.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
117.4
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
138.6
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
201.9
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
326.3
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
3469.2
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
4032.7
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
3908.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVO |
V |
Russia |
370.2
miles E of Moscow |
|
MAROCHKOVO |
N |
Russia |
65.0
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARSEVO |
N |
Russia |
166.9
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MARSHEVO |
N |
Russia |
151.5
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARSOV |
N |
Russia |
737.4
miles E of Moscow |
|
MARSOVO |
V |
Russia |
233.7
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MARUSHEVA |
N |
Russia |
774.8
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MAR'YASOVA |
N |
Russia |
2050.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MERGUBA |
N |
Russia |
606.1
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MERYASOVO |
N |
Russia |
860.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MIRKHOVA |
V |
Russia |
110.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MIRKHOVO |
N |
Russia |
110.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MIRKOV |
N |
Russia |
832.9
miles E of Moscow |
|
MIROKHOVO |
N |
Russia |
228.9
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MIRYASOVO |
V |
Russia |
860.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MORACHEVO |
N |
Russia |
232.1
miles SW of Moscow |
|
MORKHOVO |
N |
Russia |
255.2
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MOR'KOVO |
N |
Russia |
306.7
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MOROCHEVO |
N |
Russia |
236.4
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROKOVO |
N |
Russia |
3743.2
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
316.9
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
579.6
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
567.7
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
569.5
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
632.8
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
543.7
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
605.2
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
593.5
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Russia |
673.7
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
205.2
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
666.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
358.8
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
806.2
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
1511.3
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
321.1
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
110.8
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
1765.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
230.9
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
N |
Russia |
916.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
N |
Russia |
249.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
N |
Russia |
195.6
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
N |
Russia |
191.2
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVA |
V |
Russia |
957.1
miles E of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
V |
Russia |
591.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
377.9
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
343.5
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
400.8
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
232.0
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
235.2
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
205.2
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
666.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
167.8
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
354.2
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
358.8
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
150.8
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
216.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
131.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
806.2
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
319.8
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
38.9
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
1511.3
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
227.6
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
321.1
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
164.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
198.5
miles W of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
1579.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
39.2
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
123.4
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
177.2
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
154.4
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
1855.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
110.8
miles WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
1765.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
185.5 miles
WSW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
139.8
miles SW of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
2550.0
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
230.9
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
277.4
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVO |
N |
Russia |
456.6
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVY |
V |
Russia |
181.6
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVY |
N |
Russia |
433.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MORSOVO |
N |
Russia |
233.7
miles SE of Moscow |
|
MORTSEVA |
V |
Russia |
147.7
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MORYAKOVO |
N |
Russia |
468.9
miles NW of Moscow |
|
MRACHEVO |
N |
Russia |
199.2
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MRAKOVA |
V |
Russia |
750.9
miles E of Moscow |
|
MRAKOVO |
N |
Russia |
794.0
miles E of Moscow |
|
MRYASEVA |
V |
Russia |
712.3
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MRYASEVO |
N |
Russia |
631.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
MRYASEVO |
N |
Russia |
589.4
miles E of Moscow |
|
MRYASOVO |
N |
Russia |
712.3
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MRYASOVO |
V |
Russia |
589.4
miles E of Moscow |
|
MRYASOVO |
V |
Russia |
860.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
MURASHEV |
N |
Russia |
835.1
miles E of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVA |
V |
Russia |
2409.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVA |
N |
Russia |
1043.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVO |
N |
Russia |
283.1
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVO |
N |
Russia |
563.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVO |
N |
Russia |
1191.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MURASOVA |
V |
Russia |
1544.9
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MURIKOVO |
N |
Russia |
87.4
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
NAIROSAWA |
V |
Russia |
4015.4
miles NE of Moscow |
|
NAREKHOVO |
N |
Russia |
165.8
miles NNW of Moscow |
|
NARKOVO |
N |
Russia |
309.8
miles WNW of Moscow |
|
NARYKOVO |
N |
Russia |
181.2
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
NARYSHEVA |
V |
Russia |
633.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
NARYSHEVO |
N |
Russia |
633.5
miles E of Moscow |
|
NAURUZOVA |
V |
Russia |
858.1
miles E of Moscow |
|
NAURUZOVO |
N |
Russia |
858.1
miles E of Moscow |
|
NAURUZOVO |
N |
Russia |
683.9
miles E of Moscow |
|
NERSHEVO |
N |
Russia |
205.2
miles E of Moscow |
|
NORUSOVO |
V |
Russia |
360.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
NORYSHEVO |
N |
Russia |
691.2
miles E of Moscow |
|
NURKIYEVA |
N |
Russia |
643.4
miles E of Moscow |
|
NURUSHEVA |
V |
Russia |
782.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
NURUSHEVO |
N |
Russia |
782.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
NURUSHOVO |
V |
Russia |
782.6
miles E of Moscow |
|
NURYZOVO |
N |
Russia |
597.6
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
NYRKOV |
N |
Russia |
895.2
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVA |
N |
Ukraine |
297.9
miles WSW of Kiev |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Ukraine |
348.6
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
MARKOVO |
N |
Ukraine |
131.5
miles SSE of Kiev |
|
MARKOVO |
V |
Ukraine |
177.0
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
MERYSHCHUV |
N |
Ukraine |
269.8
miles W of Kiev |
|
MIRKOV |
N |
Ukraine |
254.8
miles W of Kiev |
|
MIRKOW |
V |
Ukraine |
254.8
miles W of Kiev |
|
MIRKUV |
V |
Ukraine |
254.8
miles W of Kiev |
|
MOROZOV |
N |
Ukraine |
184.3
miles WSW of Kiev |
|
NIRKOVA |
V |
Ukraine |
368.2
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
NYRKOV |
N |
Ukraine |
246.6
miles WSW of Kiev |
|
NYRKOVO |
N |
Ukraine |
368.2
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
NYRKOW |
V |
Ukraine |
246.6
miles WSW of Kiev |
|
NYRKUV |
V |
Ukraine |
246.6
miles WSW of Kiev |
|
NAME TYPES |
||||
C=Conventional: |
Approved by the US BGN for use with or
instead of the local native name. These names are normally the common English
name for a town. |
|||
N=Native:
|
Local official name form approved for use
within the US Government by the US BGN. |
|||
V=Variant:
|
Former names, minority language names, or
variations of the native name. These names are not normally used for official
US Government purposes. |
|||
D=Not-Verified:
|
Used in past Defense Mapping Agency products;
however, no source is currently available for the name form. These names are
not normally used unless no other name form is available. |
Searching for Town MARACHOVSKA |
||||
Town |
Coordinates |
Name |
Country |
Distance/Direction |
MARKOVSKIYE |
N |
Belarus |
153.1
miles S of Minsk |
|
MARKOWSKEN |
V |
Poland |
140.2
miles NNE of Warsaw |
|
MARKOWSKIE |
N |
Poland |
140.2
miles NNE of Warsaw |
|
MIERZWIACZKA |
N |
Poland |
59.4
miles SE of Warsaw |
|
MIRKOWICZKI |
N |
Poland |
156.8
miles WNW of Warsaw |
|
MIROSZOWSKIE |
V |
Poland |
135.1
miles SSW of Warsaw |
|
MARACHEVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
402.6 miles
NNE of Moscow |
|
MARISHEVSK |
V |
Russia |
3666.3
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAJA |
V |
Russia |
346.6
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
604.5
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
430.6
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
491.7
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
377.7
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
540.4 miles
NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
326.8
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
303.0
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
255.8
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
620.7
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
92.1
miles ESE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
V |
Russia |
604.6
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
V |
Russia |
333.1
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKAYA |
V |
Russia |
346.6
miles N of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
2783.5
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
291.9
miles SSW of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
2882.0
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
3908.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKOYE |
N |
Russia |
271.6
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKOYE |
V |
Russia |
2530.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKOYE |
V |
Russia |
3469.2
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MARUKOFUSUKI |
V |
Russia |
3908.1
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROSOWSKI |
V |
Russia |
540.8
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROSOWSKIJ |
V |
Russia |
540.8
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSK |
N |
Russia |
540.8
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
590.6
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKAYA |
N |
Russia |
591.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKAYA |
V |
Russia |
540.8
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
826.7
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
1778.4
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
756.9
miles E of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
280.6
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
490.3
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
663.4
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
782.8
miles S of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
858.4
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
540.8
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
377.9
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
1579.8 miles
ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
1601.3
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
3490.5
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
3528.2
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
498.4
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKIYE |
N |
Russia |
508.5
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKOYE |
N |
Russia |
265.9
miles NE of Moscow |
|
MOROZOVSKOYE |
V |
Russia |
377.9
miles NNE of Moscow |
|
MORYAKOVSKIY
ZATON |
N |
Russia |
1772.5
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MRYKHOVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
449.3
miles SSE of Moscow |
|
MURACHEVSKIY |
V |
Russia |
177.8
miles SW of Moscow |
|
MURASHEVSKIY |
N |
Russia |
1585.8
miles ENE of Moscow |
|
MARKOVSKIYE |
V |
Ukraine |
66.6 miles NW of Kiev |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Ukraine |
271.4
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
MOROZOVSKIY |
N |
Ukraine |
262.3
miles ESE of Kiev |
|
NAME TYPES |
||||
C=Conventional: |
Approved by the US BGN for use with or
instead of the local native name. These names are normally the common English
name for a town. |
|||
N=Native:
|
Local official name form approved for use
within the US Government by the US BGN. |
|||
V=Variant:
|
Former names, minority language names, or
variations of the native name. These names are not normally used for official
US Government purposes. |
|||
D=Not-Verified:
|
Used in past Defense Mapping Agency products;
however, no source is currently available for the name form. These names are
not normally used unless no other name form is available. |